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@Rhadmanthus is right, but I just have to point out a small nitpick: if you have a merged permanent with a Vehicle (let's say Gemrazer mutated on top of Thundering Chariot ), activating the crew ability will still turn the merged Gemrazer from a creature into an artifact creature for the turn. This won't matter most of the time but you never know!

Yes. Either ability will work.

Cipher sets up a delayed triggered ability that lets you cast a copy of the ciphered card. Since it's a triggered ability that casts a spell, you can use either of the first two abilities of Lithoform Engine . The first ability will let you copy the cipher trigger and cast a copy of the exiled card twice, and the second ability will let you copy the spell once it's gone onto the stack.

It will trigger once, because a player (you) has attacked one of your opponents.

To make Breena, the Demagogue trigger multiple times, you would need to attack multiple opponents with more life than other opponents because then the trigger condition (whenever a player attacks one of your opponents) would be satisfied multiple separate times.

Muraganda Petroglyphs has a static ability, which means it applies any time the creature is in play. Your 2/2 token will enter the battlefield as a 4/4. This doesn't affect your question with Angelic Chorus , but it means the 2/2 token will trigger Garruk's Packleader because it comes in as a large enough creature.

There are a few ways around Phyrexian Obliterator 's ability, though Pithing Needle is not one. You could counter with something like Voidslime , though you'll have to do this every time. You could also remove the ability with a card like Kenrith's Transformation or Frogify .

Of course, the best way is to use Justice Strike and see if that makes them concede.

I'm not sure exactly what kind of situation you mean when you say "on the stack at the same time," so here are some examples:

• You cast a big creature with cascade and cascade into Basalt Ravager . Basalt Ravager will resolve, enter play, and trigger while the cascade creature is still on the stack, so the big creature won't be counted.
• You cast Basalt Ravager, and when it comes into play you respond to its ability by casting Merfolk Trickster . Merfolk Trickster will resolve and enter play, and it will count for Basalt Ravager's ability.
• You cast Basalt Ravager and respond with Merfolk Trickster. This works the same as the last example.
• You cast Genesis Ultimatum and flip Basalt Ravager plus two other creatures. They will all come into play together, and then Basalt Ravager will trigger and see all of them.
• You cast Emergent Ultimatum and get to cast Basalt Ravager and another creature from it. You pick the order they go on the stack, and Basalt Ravager has to be cast first (so it resolves second) or the other creature won't be in play when the triggered ability happens.

I'm just going to add here (to be totally clear) that you don't "use" Klothys's ability. Since it's a triggered ability, it will happen when it says it happens and at no other time. An activated ability (one that you can use) always starts with a cost you can pay to use the ability (written "cost: effect"), and you can typically use these any time you can pay the cost. Klothys's trigger happens at the beginning of your first main phase, right after your draw step.

Yeah, I didn't check the Oracle text, Neotrup is right.

When they're not on the stack or in play, MDFCs have only the characteristics of their front face. This means that you can only cast cards that are noncreature spells on the front. However, since you cast the cards, you can cast any side of an eligible MDFC that has a spell on it (you can't play lands this way, but you could cast either face of the new Rowan/Will card).

Because of how the existing MDFCs are set up, there aren't many that you can use to cast the back face with Narset. That may change in the future though.

Counters in general stay on cards. You can't always put a certain counter on a certain card, but once it's there there's nothing to make it fall off if the card changes types.

Yeah, activated and triggered abilities are different. Activated abilities are written "cost: effect" and can be activated as many times as you can pay the cost. For example, Royal Assassin and Shivan Dragon both have activated abilities; you can use Royal Assassin over and over again if you have ways to untap it and you can pay as much as you want to boost Shivan Dragon's power.

Triggered abilities start by specifying a time (whenever, at the beginning of, etc), and then say to do something. These abilities go on the stack if their trigger event happens, and if they have a cost you pay it while they're resolving. For example, if you have an artifact come into play while you control Era of Innovation , it will trigger. When the trigger resolves, it gives you the option of paying . If you do, the rest of the effect happens. You can't pay multiple mana bacause you can't just use triggered abilities at will, you have to instead set up the event they're looking for.

It all depends on what format you're playing. The common tournament formats are Standard, Pioneer, Modern, Legacy, and Vintage.

• Standard is a rotating format where only cards printed in the last two years of expansion sets are legal (in this case, Eldraine, Theros Beyond Death, Ikoria, M21, Zendikar Rising, Kaldheim, and soon Strixhaven).
• Pioneer is a nonrotating format that includes all sets from Return to Ravnica and newer (so starting around fall 2012).
• Modern includes cards printed since original Mirrodin.
• Legacy and Vintage include the whole of Magic's history; the difference is that cards are not banned in Vintage but instead they can be restricted (only 1 copy in your deck).

To be legal in a format, a card needs to have been printed in an expansion set since the beginning of that format (collectors editions, From the Vault, Commander releases, Masters sets, etc do not count except for Legacy and Vintage). Underground Sea had its last expansion printing in Masters Edition IV, so it's only legal in Legacy and Vintage.

If a card has been reprinted in a newer expansion, it becomes legal in the formats that expansion is legal in, and you can use any copy of it in that format. For example, Serra Angel is a card from Alpha, but it has been reprinted many times, most recently Dominaria. This makes it legal in Pioneer and Modern, and you can use any copy, even Alpha versions, in those formats.

To check legality (and for card searching in general) I highly suggest the website Scryfall. When you look at a card on Scryfall, it shows whether or not the card is legal in the most common formats. You can also see the current market price of different printings, and you can use the advanced search to look for cards matching certain criteria (including limiting your search to cards legal in a specific format).

Yeah, there's no reason why it wouldn't.

Yes, that's what the "except it has this ability" bit means. It is a may ability, however, so whenever you play an enchantment you can choose whether to have it copy something new.

For a counterexample, check the Fractal tokens Quandrix makes in the new set. They generally read "Create a 0/0 Fractal token. Put (some number) +1/+1 counters on it."

Since the Fractals enter as 0/0 creatures and then get counters to boost their P/T, they won't trigger Elemental Bond .

Omniscience_is_life on the stack, it has the CMC of only the side you cast. The cumulative CMC in other zones was added to stop people from cascading into split cards just because they had a low cost side.